Tuesday, October 02, 2007
Tweet[IWS] CRS: USE of U.S. FORCES ABROAD 1798--2007 [12 September 2007]
IWS Documented News Service
_______________________________
Institute for Workplace Studies----------------- Professor Samuel B. Bacharach
School of Industrial & Labor Relations-------- Director, Institute for Workplace Studies
Cornell University
16 East 34th Street, 4th floor---------------------- Stuart Basefsky
New York, NY 10016 -------------------------------Director, IWS News Bureau
________________________________________________________________________
Congressional Research Service (CRS)
Order Code RL32170
Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2007
Updated September 12, 2007
Richard F. Grimmett, Specialist in National Defense, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32170.pdf
[full-text, 43 pages]
Summary
This report lists hundreds of instances in which the United States has used its
armed forces abroad in situations of military conflict or potential conflict or for other
than normal peacetime purposes. It was compiled in part from various older lists and
is intended primarily to provide a rough survey of past U.S. military ventures abroad,
without reference to the magnitude of the given instance noted. The listing often
contains references, especially from 1980 forward, to continuing military
deployments especially U.S. military participation in multinational operations
associated with NATO or the United Nations. Most of these post-1980 instances are
summaries based on Presidential reports to Congress related to the War Powers
Resolution. A comprehensive commentary regarding any of the instances listed is
not undertaken here.
The instances differ greatly in number of forces, purpose, extent of hostilities,
and legal authorization. Eleven times in its history the U.S. has formally declared
war against foreign nations. These eleven U.S. war declarations encompassed five
separate wars: the war with Great Britain declared in 1812, the war with Mexico
declared in 1846, the War with Spain declared in 1898, the First World War, during
which the U.S. declared war with Germany and with Austria-Hungary during 1917,
World War II, during which the U.S. declared war against Japan, Germany, and Italy
in 1941, and against Bulgaria, Hungary, and Rumania in 1942. Some of the instances
were extended military engagements that might be considered undeclared wars.
These include the Undeclared Naval War with France from 1798 to 1800; the First
Barbary War from 1801 to 1805; the Second Barbary War of 1815; the Korean War
of 1950-53; the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1973; the Persian Gulf War of 1991,
global actions against foreign terrorists after the September 11, 2001 attacks on the
United States, and the War with Iraq in 2003. With the exception of the Korean War,
all of these conflicts received Congressional authorization in some form short of a
formal declaration of war. Other, more recent instances often involve deployment of
U.S. military forces as part of a multinational operation associated with NATO or the
United Nations.
The majority of the instances listed prior to World War II were brief Marine or
Navy actions to protect U.S. citizens or promote U.S. interests. A number were
actions against pirates or bandits. Covert actions, disaster relief, and routine alliance
stationing and training exercises are not included here, nor are the Civil and
Revolutionary Wars and the continual use of U.S. military units in the exploration,
settlement, and pacification of the Western part of the United States. This report will
be updated as warranted.
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Listing of Notable Deployments of U.S. Military Forces Overseas, 1798-2007 . . 2
______________________________
This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.
Stuart Basefsky
Director, IWS News Bureau
Institute for Workplace Studies
Cornell/ILR School
16 E. 34th Street, 4th Floor
New York, NY 10016
Telephone: (607) 255-2703
Fax: (607) 255-9641
E-mail: smb6@cornell.edu
****************************************
_______________________________
Institute for Workplace Studies----------------- Professor Samuel B. Bacharach
School of Industrial & Labor Relations-------- Director, Institute for Workplace Studies
Cornell University
16 East 34th Street, 4th floor---------------------- Stuart Basefsky
New York, NY 10016 -------------------------------Director, IWS News Bureau
________________________________________________________________________
Congressional Research Service (CRS)
Order Code RL32170
Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2007
Updated September 12, 2007
Richard F. Grimmett, Specialist in National Defense, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32170.pdf
[full-text, 43 pages]
Summary
This report lists hundreds of instances in which the United States has used its
armed forces abroad in situations of military conflict or potential conflict or for other
than normal peacetime purposes. It was compiled in part from various older lists and
is intended primarily to provide a rough survey of past U.S. military ventures abroad,
without reference to the magnitude of the given instance noted. The listing often
contains references, especially from 1980 forward, to continuing military
deployments especially U.S. military participation in multinational operations
associated with NATO or the United Nations. Most of these post-1980 instances are
summaries based on Presidential reports to Congress related to the War Powers
Resolution. A comprehensive commentary regarding any of the instances listed is
not undertaken here.
The instances differ greatly in number of forces, purpose, extent of hostilities,
and legal authorization. Eleven times in its history the U.S. has formally declared
war against foreign nations. These eleven U.S. war declarations encompassed five
separate wars: the war with Great Britain declared in 1812, the war with Mexico
declared in 1846, the War with Spain declared in 1898, the First World War, during
which the U.S. declared war with Germany and with Austria-Hungary during 1917,
World War II, during which the U.S. declared war against Japan, Germany, and Italy
in 1941, and against Bulgaria, Hungary, and Rumania in 1942. Some of the instances
were extended military engagements that might be considered undeclared wars.
These include the Undeclared Naval War with France from 1798 to 1800; the First
Barbary War from 1801 to 1805; the Second Barbary War of 1815; the Korean War
of 1950-53; the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1973; the Persian Gulf War of 1991,
global actions against foreign terrorists after the September 11, 2001 attacks on the
United States, and the War with Iraq in 2003. With the exception of the Korean War,
all of these conflicts received Congressional authorization in some form short of a
formal declaration of war. Other, more recent instances often involve deployment of
U.S. military forces as part of a multinational operation associated with NATO or the
United Nations.
The majority of the instances listed prior to World War II were brief Marine or
Navy actions to protect U.S. citizens or promote U.S. interests. A number were
actions against pirates or bandits. Covert actions, disaster relief, and routine alliance
stationing and training exercises are not included here, nor are the Civil and
Revolutionary Wars and the continual use of U.S. military units in the exploration,
settlement, and pacification of the Western part of the United States. This report will
be updated as warranted.
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Listing of Notable Deployments of U.S. Military Forces Overseas, 1798-2007 . . 2
______________________________
This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.
Stuart Basefsky
Director, IWS News Bureau
Institute for Workplace Studies
Cornell/ILR School
16 E. 34th Street, 4th Floor
New York, NY 10016
Telephone: (607) 255-2703
Fax: (607) 255-9641
E-mail: smb6@cornell.edu
****************************************
# posted by SBasefsky : 3:31 PM
