IWS Documented News DAILY POSTINGS

IWS Documented News Service

_______________________________

Institute for Workplace Studies----------------- Professor Samuel B. Bacharach

School of Industrial & Labor Relations-------- Director, Institute for Workplace Studies

Cornell University

16 East 34th Street, 4th floor---------------------- Stuart Basefsky

New York, NY 10016 -------------------------------Director, IWS News Bureau

________________________________________________________________________

This service is supported, in part, by donations. Please consider making a donation by following the instructions at http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/iws/news-bureau/support.html

ILO

SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR OLDER WORKERS: KEY POLICY TRENDS AND STATISTICS [30 September 2014]

http://www.ilo.org/global/publications/WCMS_310211/lang--en/index.htm

or

http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_310211.pdf

[full-text, 150 pages]

This policy paper: (i) provides a global overview of the organization of pension systems, their coverage and benefits, as well as public expenditures on social security, in 178 countries; (ii) analyses trends and recent policies, e.g. extension of coverage in a large number of low- and middle-income countries; (iii) presents the negative impacts of fiscal consolidation and adjustment measures in a number of higher-income economies; and (iv) calls for the expansion of social protection in pursuit of crisis recovery, inclusive development and social justice.

Press Release 30 September 2014

Almost half the world’s older persons lack pensions

ILO report says 52 per cent of older persons receive a pension, but levels are inadequate and the trend has been worsened by fiscal consolidation.

http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_310210/lang--en/index.htm?shared_from=media-mail

________________________________________________________________________

This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.

IWS Documented News Service

_______________________________

Institute for Workplace Studies----------------- Professor Samuel B. Bacharach

School of Industrial & Labor Relations-------- Director, Institute for Workplace Studies

Cornell University

16 East 34th Street, 4th floor---------------------- Stuart Basefsky

New York, NY 10016 -------------------------------Director, IWS News Bureau

________________________________________________________________________

This service is supported, in part, by donations. Please consider making a donation by following the instructions at http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/iws/news-bureau/support.html

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 2014-139

RECOMMENDED PRACTICE, PROTECTING TEMPORARY WORKERS [August 2014]

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2014-139/

or

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2014-139/pdfs/2014-139.pdf

[full-text, 6 pages]

OSHA and NIOSH recommend the following practices to staffing agencies and host employers so that they may better protect temporary workers through mutual cooperation and collaboration.

________________________________________________________________________

This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.

IWS Documented News Service

_______________________________

Institute for Workplace Studies----------------- Professor Samuel B. Bacharach

School of Industrial & Labor Relations-------- Director, Institute for Workplace Studies

Cornell University

16 East 34th Street, 4th floor---------------------- Stuart Basefsky

New York, NY 10016 -------------------------------Director, IWS News Bureau

________________________________________________________________________

This service is supported, in part, by donations. Please consider making a donation by following the instructions at http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/iws/news-bureau/support.html

INDIA

Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation

SAARC SOCIAL CHARTER: INDIA COUNTRY REPORT 2014 [26 August 2014]

http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/SAARC_Social_Charter_India_Report2014_26aug14.pdf

[full-text, 158 pages]

[excerpts]

The objective of the Charter is to place people at he centre

of development and to direct the economy to meet the human

needs more effectively.

...

The curent report, fith in the series, presents the status

of achievement on diferent social development outcomes under

diferent chapters as enumerated in the various Articles of the

Charter. The publication sketches a lucid description of the

programmatic interventions of the Government of India aimed at

raising the living standards of its citzens and providing equal

oportunites to hitherto marginalized sections of the society.

________________________________________________________________________

This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.

IWS Documented News Service

_______________________________

Institute for Workplace Studies----------------- Professor Samuel B. Bacharach

School of Industrial & Labor Relations-------- Director, Institute for Workplace Studies

Cornell University

16 East 34th Street, 4th floor---------------------- Stuart Basefsky

New York, NY 10016 -------------------------------Director, IWS News Bureau

________________________________________________________________________

This service is supported, in part, by donations. Please consider making a donation by following the instructions at http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/iws/news-bureau/support.html

USA.gov

WORKPLACE ISSUES

http://www.usa.gov/Citizen/Topics/Education-Training/Workplace.shtml

Find information on workplace issues including back pay, child care, discrimination, disability employment, Family and Medical Leave Act, minimum wage, pensions and more.

·       Back Pay Issues

·       Child Care Finder

·       Employing People with Disabilities

·       Employment Discrimination

·       Fair Labor Standards Act Advisor

·       Family and Medical Leave Act

·       Federal Employment Laws Assistance

·       Foreign Visitors Working in the U.S.

·       Health Benefits

·       Job Safety for Teens

·       Labor Departments, by State

·       Labor Laws – Compliance Tools

·       Labor Relations

·       Labor Unions – Financial Reports, Constitutions, Bylaws

·       Last Paycheck

·       Minimum Wage – $7.25 per hour

·       Minimum Wages, by State

·       Occupational Employment Statistics

·       Occupational Outlook Handbook

·       Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

·       Occupational Safety and Health Administration Office Locator

·       Overtime Pay Requirements

·       Pension Benefits

·       Public Service and Volunteer Opportunities

·       Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) Advisor

·       Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies, by State

·       Wage and Hour Issues

·       Wages and Employment by Occupation

·       Wages for Federally Sponsored Construction (Davis-Bacon)

·       Workers' Compensation

·       Workplace Safety or Health Hazard Complaints

·       Your Rights As a Worker

·       Youth Avoiding Workplace Discrimination

·       Youth Employment Rules

________________________________________________________________________

This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.

IWS Documented News Service

_______________________________

Institute for Workplace Studies----------------- Professor Samuel B. Bacharach

School of Industrial & Labor Relations-------- Director, Institute for Workplace Studies

Cornell University

16 East 34th Street, 4th floor---------------------- Stuart Basefsky

New York, NY 10016 -------------------------------Director, IWS News Bureau

________________________________________________________________________

This service is supported, in part, by donations. Please consider making a donation by following the instructions at http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/iws/news-bureau/support.html

International Labour Organization (ILO)

Working Paper 302

NON-STANDARD WORK ARRANGEMENTS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: THE CASE OF SOUTH AFRICA [29 September 2014]

http://www.ilo.org/sector/Resources/publications/WCMS_310221/lang--en/index.htm

or

http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_dialogue/---sector/documents/publication/wcms_310221.pdf

[full-text, 26 pages]

This study is one of a series of country studies commissioned by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) on non-standard work arrangements in the public sector. Its aim is to understand, firstly, the implications of this trend for the decent work objectives and, secondly, to identify appropriate policy responses. In doing so, we have also endeavoured to identify the gender dimension of non-standard work arrangements, and obtain data that is disaggregated by sex.

As understood here, non-standard work (or non-standard employment, as we prefer to term it) takes two different forms. Firstly, it refers to the increased utilisation of part-time and temporary workers, which we will refer to here as casualization, to distinguish it from the second form. The second form refers to the utilisation of contractors or intermediaries to employ the workers required, in this instance, to provide services to government. We refer to this as externalization (Theron and Godfrey, 2000).

In the case of externalisation, the workers providing the service in question are generally employed on a temporary basis (typically the term for which the contractor or intermediary is engaged). Less usually, they may also be employed on a part-time basis. Accordingly, casualization and externalisation overlap. However the implications for decent work objectives are more likely to be negative in the case of externalisation than casualization, particularly where lesser skilled workers are involved. We elaborate on the reasons for this below.

Since this study is supposed to be based on the existing literature and statistics regarding non-standard work arrangements, rather than original research, it is necessary to point out at the outset that there is a dearth of literature on the subject. There is also a dearth of meaningful statistical data. This is because of the difficulties of measuring non-standard employment, which we believe are not unique to South Africa.

________________________________________________________________________

This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.

IWS Documented News Service

_______________________________

Institute for Workplace Studies----------------- Professor Samuel B. Bacharach

School of Industrial & Labor Relations-------- Director, Institute for Workplace Studies

Cornell University

16 East 34th Street, 4th floor---------------------- Stuart Basefsky

New York, NY 10016 -------------------------------Director, IWS News Bureau

________________________________________________________________________

This service is supported, in part, by donations. Please consider making a donation by following the instructions at http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/iws/news-bureau/support.html

Social Security Administraton (SSA)

SOCIAL SECURITY PROGRAMS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD: EUROPE, 2014 [29 September 2014]

http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2014-2015/europe/index.html

or

http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2014-2015/europe/ssptw14europe.pdf

[full-text, 331 pages]

This report, which is a part of a four-volume series, provides a cross-national comparison of the social security systems in 45 countries in Europe. It summarizes the five main social insurance programs in those countries: old-age, disability, and survivors; sickness and maternity; work injury; unemployment; and family allowances. The other regional volumes in the series focus on the social security systems of countries in Asia and the Pacific, Africa, and the Americas. Together, the reports provide important information for researchers and policymakers who are reviewing different ways of approaching social security challenges and adapting the systems to the evolving needs of individuals, households, and families.

________________________________________________________________________

This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.

IWS Documented News Service

_______________________________

Institute for Workplace Studies----------------- Professor Samuel B. Bacharach

School of Industrial & Labor Relations-------- Director, Institute for Workplace Studies

Cornell University

16 East 34th Street, 4th floor---------------------- Stuart Basefsky

New York, NY 10016 -------------------------------Director, IWS News Bureau

________________________________________________________________________

This service is supported, in part, by donations. Please consider making a donation by following the instructions at http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/iws/news-bureau/support.html

Congressional Research Service (CRS)

Noncitizen Eligibility for Federal Public Assistance: Policy Overview and Trends

Ruth Ellen Wasem, Specialist in Immigration Policy

September 24, 2014

http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33809.pdf?

[full-text, 28 pages]

Summary

The extent to which residents of the United States who are not U.S. citizens should be eligible for

federally funded public aid has been a contentious issue since the 1990s. This issue meets at the

intersection of two major policy areas: immigration policy and welfare policy. The eligibility of

noncitizens for public assistance programs is based on a complex set of rules that are determined

largely by the type of noncitizen in question and the nature of services being offered. Over the

past 18 years, Congress has enacted significant changes in U.S. immigration policy and welfare

policy. Congress has exercised oversight of revisions made by the 1996 welfare reform law (the

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, P.L. 104-193)—including the

rules governing noncitizen eligibility for public assistance that it established—and legislation

covering programs with major restrictions on noncitizens’ eligibility (e.g., food stamps/SNAP,

Medicaid).

This report deals with the four major federal means-tested benefit programs: the Supplemental

Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly food stamps), the Supplemental Security Income

(SSI) program, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) cash assistance, and Medicaid.

Laws in place for the past 18 years restrict the eligibility of legal permanent residents (LPRs),

refugees, asylees, and other noncitizens for most means-tested public aid. Noncitizens’ eligibility

for major federal means-tested benefits largely depends on their immigration status; whether they

arrived (or were on a program’s rolls) before August 22, 1996, the enactment date of P.L. 104-

193; and how long they have lived and worked in the United States.

LPRs with a substantial work history or military connection are eligible for the full range of

programs, as are asylees, refugees, and other humanitarian cases (for at least five to seven years

after entry). Other LPRs must meet additional eligibility requirements. For SSI, they are not

eligible for the first five years even if they had 40 credits of earnings (e.g., as a temporary

worker). For SNAP, they generally must have been LPRs for five years or be under age 18. Under

TANF, they generally are ineligible for five years after entry and then eligible at state option.

States have the option of providing Medicaid to pregnant LPRs and children within the five-year

bar; otherwise LPRs are ineligible for the first five years. Unauthorized aliens (often referred to as

illegal aliens) are not eligible for most federal benefits, regardless of whether they are means

tested, with notable exceptions for emergency services, (e.g., Medicaid emergency medical care

or Federal Emergency Management Agency disaster services).

TANF, SSI, food stamp, and Medicaid recipiency among noncitizens decreased over the 1995-

2005 period, but Medicaid and SNAP climbed upwards in 2009 and 2013. While the 10-year

decrease from 1995 to 2005 was affected by the statutory changes, the poverty rate of noncitizens

had also diminished over the 1995-2005 decade. The poverty rate for noncitizens residing in the

United States fell from 27.8% in 1995 to 20.4% in 2005. It rose to 26.7% in 2010 and fell to

22.8% in 2013. Noncitizens are disproportionately poorer than native-born residents of the United

States.

This report does not track legislation and is updated as policy changes warrant.

Contents

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1

Current Eligibility Policy .......................................................................................................... 1

Citizens of the Freely Associated States .................................................................................... 3

Trends in Noncitizen Poverty and Benefit Use ................................................................................ 4

Noncitizen Poverty Levels ........................................................................................................ 4

General Trends .................................................................................................................... 4

Comparative Analysis ......................................................................................................... 5

Noncitizen Benefit Use .............................................................................................................. 6

Formative Research ............................................................................................................. 6

Recent Findings ................................................................................................................... 7

Program Participation Data ....................................................................................................... 9

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) .................................................................................. 9

Food Stamps/SNAP ........................................................................................................... 10

Cash Assistance ................................................................................................................. 10

Related Immigrant Policies Affecting Eligibility........................................................................... 10

Federal and State Benefit Eligibility Standards for Unauthorized Aliens ...................................... 11

Federal Benefits ....................................................................................................................... 11

State Benefits ........................................................................................................................... 13

Figures

Figure 1. Noncitizen Residents in Poverty, 1994-2013 ................................................................... 5

Figure 2. Comparative Poverty Levels by Citizenship, 1995, 2005, and 2013 ............................... 6

Figure 3. Percentage of Noncitizens Receiving Selected Assistance of Benefits: 1995,

1998, 2005, 2009, and 2013.......................................................................................................... 7

Figure 4. Percentage Distribution of Recipients by Citizenship Status: 1995 and 2013 ................ 8

Figure 5. Noncitizens as a Percentage of all Food Stamp/SNAP, SSI, and TANF/AFDC

Cash Assistance, 1989-2013 ......................................................................................................... 9

Tables

Table 1. Poverty by Citizenship Status, 1995 and 2013 ................................................................... 5

Appendixes

Appendix A. Noncitizen Eligibility for Selected Major Federal Programs ................................... 14

Appendix B. Estimated Benefit Usage, by Citizenship, for Selected Prior Years ......................... 17

Appendix C. Overview of Alien Eligibility Law ........................................................................... 18

Appendix D. “Qualified Aliens” .................................................................................................... 23

________________________________________________________________________

This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.

IWS Documented News Service

_______________________________

Institute for Workplace Studies----------------- Professor Samuel B. Bacharach

School of Industrial & Labor Relations-------- Director, Institute for Workplace Studies

Cornell University

16 East 34th Street, 4th floor---------------------- Stuart Basefsky

New York, NY 10016 -------------------------------Director, IWS News Bureau

________________________________________________________________________

This service is supported, in part, by donations. Please consider making a donation by following the instructions at http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/iws/news-bureau/support.html

Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ELASTICITIES OF WOMEN AND SECONDARY EARNERS WITHIN MARRIED COUPLES: WORKING PAPER 2014-06 [29 September 2014]

http://www.cbo.gov/publication/49433?utm_source=feedblitz&utm_medium=FeedBlitzEmail&utm_content=812526&utm_campaign=Hourly_%272014-09-29%2015%3a00%3a00%27

or

http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/49433-LaborForce.pdf

[full-text, 36 pages]

By Robert McClelland and Shannon Mok, both of CBO, and Kevin Pierce, of the Internal Revenue Service

Labor supply elasticities are often used to evaluate the effect of changes in tax rates on the total hours worked in the economy. Historically, married women have tended to have larger labor supply elasticities than their spouses because they were the secondary earners in a couple. However, those elasticities have fallen sharply in recent decades—a decline that has been attributed to greater labor force participation rates and increased career orientation among married women. Indeed, a growing share of wives earn more than their husbands, raising the question whether a person’s sex or relative earnings is the relevant factor affecting the sensitivity of participation to wage and tax rates. In this paper, we use administrative data to examine whether women or lower-earning spouses have larger labor supply elasticities. We present descriptive evidence on the share of women who are the primary earner and the frequency of transitions into and out of employment by sex and relative earnings. We find that lower earning spouses are more likely to start and stop working than women, except when a couple starts a family. We then model an individual’s work decision using a dynamic probit model to isolate the labor supply response to changes in tax rates. We estimate that the participation elasticity with respect to the net-of-tax rate of the secondary earner—the spouse who typically has lower earnings—is about 0.03, slightly higher than that for women, though both of these overall elasticities are small. Participation elasticities with respect to income for both women and secondary earners are effectively zero. Our estimates are robust to several alternative models, including alternative specifications of secondary earner.

________________________________________________________________________

This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.

IWS Documented News Service

_______________________________

Institute for Workplace Studies----------------- Professor Samuel B. Bacharach

School of Industrial & Labor Relations-------- Director, Institute for Workplace Studies

Cornell University

16 East 34th Street, 4th floor---------------------- Stuart Basefsky

New York, NY 10016 -------------------------------Director, IWS News Bureau

________________________________________________________________________

This service is supported, in part, by donations. Please consider making a donation by following the instructions at http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/iws/news-bureau/support.html

PERSONAL INCOME AND OUTLAYS, AUGUST 2014 [29 September 2014]

http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/pi/2014/pi0814.htm

or

http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/pi/2014/pdf/pi0814.pdf

[full-text, 11 pages]

or

http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/pi/2014/xls/pi0814.xls

[spreadsheet]

and

Highlights

http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/pi/2014/pdf/pi0814_fax.pdf

Personal income increased $47.3 billion, or 0.3 percent, and disposable personal income (DPI) increased $35.2 billion,

or 0.3 percent, in August, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis.  Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)

increased $57.5 billion, or 0.5 percent.  In July, personal income increased $35.9 billion, or 0.2 percent, DPI

increased $24.6 billion, or 0.2 percent, and PCE increased $0.5 billion, or less than 0.1 percent, based on revised estimates.

Real DPI increased 0.3 percent in August, compared with an increase of 0.1 percent in July.  Real PCE increased 0.5 percent,

in contrast to a decrease of 0.1 percent.

AND MUCH MORE...including TABLES....

________________________________________________________________________

This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.

IWS Documented News Service

_______________________________

Institute for Workplace Studies----------------- Professor Samuel B. Bacharach

School of Industrial & Labor Relations-------- Director, Institute for Workplace Studies

Cornell University

16 East 34th Street, 4th floor---------------------- Stuart Basefsky

New York, NY 10016 -------------------------------Director, IWS News Bureau

________________________________________________________________________

This service is supported, in part, by donations. Please consider making a donation by following the instructions at http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/iws/news-bureau/support.html

Congressional Research Service (CRS)

Unaccompanied Alien Children: Demographics in Brief

Ruth Ellen Wasem, Specialist in Immigration Policy

Austin Morris, Research Associate

September 24, 2014

http://fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/R43734.pdf

[full-text, 13 pages]

Summary

The number of children coming to the United States who are not accompanied by parents or legal

guardians and who lack proper immigration documents has raised complex and competing sets of

humanitarian concerns and immigration control issues. This report focuses on the demographics

of unaccompanied alien children while they are in removal proceedings. Overwhelmingly, the

children are coming from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. The median age of

unaccompanied children has decreased from 17 years in FY2011 to 16 years during the first seven

months of FY2014. A greater share of males than females are represented among this population.

However, females have steadily increased in total numbers and as a percentage of the flow since

FY2011. The median age of females has dropped from 17 years in FY2011—the year that was the

median age across all groups of children—to 15 years in the first seven months of FY2014.

Contents

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1

Office of Refugee Resettlement Data on Unaccompanied Alien Children ................................ 1

Demographics of Unaccompanied Children .................................................................................... 2

Country of Origin ...................................................................................................................... 2

Age ............................................................................................................................................ 3

Nationality and Age Distribution ............................................................................................... 5

Sex ............................................................................................................................................. 6

Figures

Figure 1. Unaccompanied Children in ORR Custody by Top Country Distribution ....................... 3

Figure 2. Age Distribution of Unaccompanied Children in ORR Custody ..................................... 5

Figure 3. Unaccompanied Children in ORR Custody by Nationality and Age ............................... 6

Figure 4. Sex Distribution of Unaccompanied Children in ORR Custody ...................................... 7

Figure 5. Sex Distribution of Unaccompanied Children by Top Countries ..................................... 8

Figure 6. Age Distribution for Unaccompanied Males .................................................................... 8

Figure 7. Age Distribution for Unaccompanied Females ................................................................ 9

Tables

Table 1. Unaccompanied Children in ORR Custody by Top Country ............................................. 2

Table 2. Unaccompanied Children in ORR Custody by Age Group ............................................... 4

Table 3. Median Age of Unaccompanied Children by Year, Sex, and Top Country ........................ 9

________________________________________________________________________

This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.

IWS Documented News Service

_______________________________

Institute for Workplace Studies----------------- Professor Samuel B. Bacharach

School of Industrial & Labor Relations-------- Director, Institute for Workplace Studies

Cornell University

16 East 34th Street, 4th floor---------------------- Stuart Basefsky

New York, NY 10016 -------------------------------Director, IWS News Bureau

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Congressional Research Service (CRS)

POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES: 2013

Thomas Gabe, Specialist in Social Policy

September 25, 2014

http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33069.pdf?

[full-text, 81 pages]

Summary

In 2013, 45.3 million people were counted as poor in the United States under the official poverty

measure—a number statistically unchanged from the 46.5 million people estimated as poor in

2012. The poverty rate, or percent of the population considered poor under the official definition,

was reported at 14.5% in 2013, a statistically significant drop from the estimated 15.0% in 2012.

Poverty in the United States increased markedly over the 2007-2010 period, in tandem with the

economic recession (officially marked as running from December 2007 to June 2009), and

remained unchanged at a post-recession high for three years (15.1% in 2010, and 15.0% in both

2011 and 2012). The 2013 poverty rate of 14.5% remains above a 2006 pre-recession low of

12.3%, and well above an historic low rate of 11.3% attained in 2000 (a rate statistically tied with

a previous low of 11.1% in 1973).

The incidence of poverty varies widely across the population according to age, education, labor

force attachment, family living arrangements, and area of residence, among other factors. Under

the official poverty definition, an average family of four was considered poor in 2013 ifits pre-

tax cash income for the year was below $23,834.

The measure of poverty currently in use was developed some 50 years ago, and was adopted as

the “official” U.S. statistical measure of poverty in 1969. Except for minor technical changes, and

adjustments for price changes in the economy, the “poverty line” (i.e., the income thresholds by

which families or individuals with incomes that fall below are deemed to be poor) is the same as

that developed nearly a half century ago, reflecting a notion of economic need based on living

standards that prevailed in the mid-1950s.

Moreover, poverty as it is currently measured only counts families’ and individuals’ pre-tax

money income against the poverty line in determining whether or not they are poor. In-kind

benefits, such as benefits under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly

named the Food Stamp program) and housing assistance are not accounted for under the

“official” poverty definition, nor are the effects of taxes or tax credits, such as the Earned Income

Tax Credit (EITC) or Child Tax Credit (CTC). In this sense, the “official” measure fails to capture

the effects of a variety of programs and policies specifically designed to address income poverty.

A congressionally commissioned study conducted by a National Academy of Sciences (NAS)

panel of experts recommended, some 20 years ago, that a new U.S. poverty measure be

developed, offering a number of specific recommendations. The Census Bureau, in partnership

with the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), has developed a Supplemental Poverty Measure

(SPM) designed to implement many of the NAS panel recommendations. The SPM is to be

considered a “research” measure, to supplement the “official” poverty measure. Guided by new

research, the Census Bureau and BLS intend to improve the SPM over time. The “official”

statistical poverty measure will continue to be used by programs that use it as the basis for

allocating funds under formula and matching grant programs. The Department of Health and

Human Services (HHS) will continue to issue poverty income guidelines derived from “official”

Census Bureau poverty thresholds. HHS poverty guidelines are used in determining individual

and family income eligibility under a number of federal and state programs. Estimates from the

SPM differ from the “official” poverty measure and are presented in a final section of this report.

Contents

Trends in Poverty ............................................................................................................................. 1

The U.S. “Official” Definition of Poverty ....................................................................................... 2

Poverty among Selected Groups ...................................................................................................... 6

Racial and Ethnic Minorities ..................................................................................................... 6

Nativity and Citizenship Status ................................................................................................. 6

Children ..................................................................................................................................... 6

Adults with Low Education, Unemployment, or Disability ...................................................... 8

The Aged ................................................................................................................................... 9

Receipt of Need-Tested Assistance Among the Poor ....................................................................... 9

The Geography of Poverty ............................................................................................................... 9

Poverty in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas, Center Cities, and Suburbs ................. 10

Poverty by Region ................................................................................................................... 10

State Poverty Rates .................................................................................................................. 10

Change in State Poverty Rates: 2002-2013 ............................................................................. 14

Poverty Rates by Metropolitan Area ....................................................................................... 20

Congressional District Poverty Estimates ............................................................................... 22

“Neighborhood” Poverty—Poverty Areas and Areas of Concentrated and Extreme

Poverty ................................................................................................................................. 23

The Research Supplemental Poverty Measure .............................................................................. 24

Poverty Thresholds .................................................................................................................. 29

SPM Poverty Thresholds ................................................................................................... 29

Resources and Expenses Included in the SPM ........................................................................ 30

Poverty Estimates Under the Research SPM Compared to the “Official” Measure ................ 31

Poverty by Age .................................................................................................................. 31

Poverty by Type of Economic Unit ................................................................................... 32

Poverty by Region ............................................................................................................. 34

Poverty by Residence ........................................................................................................ 35

Poverty by State ................................................................................................................ 36

Marginal Effects of Counting Specified Resources and Expenses on Poverty

Under the SPM ............................................................................................................... 41

Distribution of the Population by Ratio of Income/Resources Relative to Poverty .......... 42

Discussion................................................................................................................................ 44

Figures

Figure 1. Trend in Poverty Rate and Number of Poor Persons: 1959-2013, and Unemployment Rate from January 1959 through August 2014 ....... 4

Figure 2. U.S. Poverty Rates by Age Group, 1959-2013 ................................................................. 5

Figure 3. Child Poverty Rates by Family Living Arrangement, Race and Hispanic Origin, 2013 ................................................. 7

Figure 4. Composition of Children, by Family Type, Race and Hispanic Origin, 2013 .................. 8

Figure 5. Percentage of People in Poverty in the Past 12 Months by State and Puerto Rico: 2013 ......................................... 11

Appendixes

Appendix A. U.S. Poverty Statistics: 1959-2013 ........................................................................... 45

Appendix B. Metropolitan Area Poverty Estimates ....................................................................... 47

Appendix C. Poverty Estimates by Congressional District ........................................................... 60

Contacts

Author Contact Information........................................................................................................... 76

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