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[IWS] EMCC: NEW FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT [12 March 2015]

IWS Documented News Service

_______________________________

Institute for Workplace Studies-----------------Professor Samuel B. Bacharach

School of Industrial & Labor Relations-------- Director, Institute for Workplace Studies

Cornell University

16 East 34th Street, 4th floor--------------------Stuart Basefsky

New York, NY 10016 -------------------------------Director, IWS News Bureau

________________________________________________________________________

NOTE: Funding for this service ends on 31 March 2015. Postings will end on this date as well.

 

European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Dublin Foundation)

European Monitoring Centre on Change (EMCC)

 

NEW FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT [12 March 2015]

http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/publications/report/2015/working-conditions-labour-market/new-forms-of-employment

or

http://eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/ef1461en_3.pdf

[full-text, 168 pages]

 

Executive Summary

http://eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/ef1461en1_0.pdf

 

 

Across Europe, new forms of employment are emerging that are different from traditional standard or non-standard employment in a number of ways. Some transform the relationship between employer and employee, some change work organisation and work patterns, and some do both. This report identifies nine forms of employment that are new or have become increasingly important in Europe since the year 2000. While there is wide diversity in terms of their characteristics and employment relationship, all the forms aim to increase flexibility for employers and/or employees. Although some have the potential to benefit employers and employees equally, in a few cases concerns have been raised about their impact on working conditions and the labour market. The report concludes with recommendations about the need to raise awareness of the potential problems and establish safety nets for workers. An executive summary is available - see Related content.

 

CONTENTS

Executive summary 1

Introduction 4

1 – New forms of employment in Europe – An overview 7

 

2 – Employee sharing 11

General characteristics 11

Strategic employee sharing 12

Ad-hoc employee sharing 21

Characteristics of employers and employees 24

Drivers and barriers 26

Implications for working conditions 26

Implications for the labour market 28

 

3 – Job sharing 31

General characteristics 31

Characteristics of employers and employees 35

Drivers and barriers 36

Implications for working conditions 37

Implications for the labour market 38

 

4 – Interim management 40

General characteristics 40

Characteristics of employers and employees 42

Drivers 43

Implications for working conditions 44

Implications for the labour market 45

 

5 – Casual work 46

General characteristics 46

Intermittent work 49

On-call work and zero-hours contracts 55

Characteristics of employers and employees 61

Drivers and barriers 64

Implications for working conditions 66

Implications for the labour market 70

 

6 – ICT-based mobile work 72

General characteristics 72

Characteristics of employers and employees 75

Drivers and barriers 76

Implications for working conditions 77

Implications for the labour market 80

 

7 – Voucher-based work 82

General characteristics 82

Modes of operation in different countries 83

Characteristics of clients and workers 94

Drivers and barriers 97

Implications for working conditions 98

Implications for the labour market 101

 

8 – Portfolio work 103

General characteristics 103

Characteristics of clients and workers 104

Drivers and barriers 105

Implications for working conditions 105

Implications for the labour market 106

 

9 – Crowd employment 107

General characteristics 107

Characteristics of clients and workers 112

Drivers and barriers 113

Implications for working conditions 115

Implications for the labour market 116

 

10 – Collaborative employment 118

General characteristics 118

Workers’ characteristics 124

Drivers and barriers 126

Implications for working conditions 126

Implications for the labour market 127

 

11 – Policy discussion on new forms of employment 129

General considerations 129

Employee sharing 129

Job sharing 131

Casual work 131

ICT-based mobile work 132

Voucher-based work 133

Crowd employment 133

Coworking 134

 

12 – Conclusions and policy pointers 135

Main characteristics of new employment forms 135

Impact on working conditions and the labour market 138

Policy pointers 142

Bibliography 146

 

Annex: Overview of national contributions 159

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This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 






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