Friday, March 13, 2015
Tweet[IWS] EMCC: NEW FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT [12 March 2015]
IWS Documented News Service
_______________________________
Institute for Workplace Studies-----------------Professor Samuel B. Bacharach
School of Industrial & Labor Relations-------- Director, Institute for Workplace Studies
Cornell University
16 East 34th Street, 4th floor--------------------Stuart Basefsky
New York, NY 10016 -------------------------------Director, IWS News Bureau
________________________________________________________________________
NOTE: Funding for this service ends on 31 March 2015. Postings will end on this date as well.
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Dublin Foundation)
European Monitoring Centre on Change (EMCC)
NEW FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT [12 March 2015]
or
http://eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/ef1461en_3.pdf
[full-text, 168 pages]
Executive Summary
http://eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/ef1461en1_0.pdf
Across Europe, new forms of employment are emerging that are different from traditional standard or non-standard employment in a number of ways. Some transform the relationship between employer and employee, some change work organisation and work patterns, and some do both. This report identifies nine forms of employment that are new or have become increasingly important in Europe since the year 2000. While there is wide diversity in terms of their characteristics and employment relationship, all the forms aim to increase flexibility for employers and/or employees. Although some have the potential to benefit employers and employees equally, in a few cases concerns have been raised about their impact on working conditions and the labour market. The report concludes with recommendations about the need to raise awareness of the potential problems and establish safety nets for workers. An executive summary is available - see Related content.
CONTENTS
Executive summary 1
Introduction 4
1 – New forms of employment in Europe – An overview 7
2 – Employee sharing 11
General characteristics 11
Strategic employee sharing 12
Ad-hoc employee sharing 21
Characteristics of employers and employees 24
Drivers and barriers 26
Implications for working conditions 26
Implications for the labour market 28
3 – Job sharing 31
General characteristics 31
Characteristics of employers and employees 35
Drivers and barriers 36
Implications for working conditions 37
Implications for the labour market 38
4 – Interim management 40
General characteristics 40
Characteristics of employers and employees 42
Drivers 43
Implications for working conditions 44
Implications for the labour market 45
5 – Casual work 46
General characteristics 46
Intermittent work 49
On-call work and zero-hours contracts 55
Characteristics of employers and employees 61
Drivers and barriers 64
Implications for working conditions 66
Implications for the labour market 70
6 – ICT-based mobile work 72
General characteristics 72
Characteristics of employers and employees 75
Drivers and barriers 76
Implications for working conditions 77
Implications for the labour market 80
7 – Voucher-based work 82
General characteristics 82
Modes of operation in different countries 83
Characteristics of clients and workers 94
Drivers and barriers 97
Implications for working conditions 98
Implications for the labour market 101
8 – Portfolio work 103
General characteristics 103
Characteristics of clients and workers 104
Drivers and barriers 105
Implications for working conditions 105
Implications for the labour market 106
9 – Crowd employment 107
General characteristics 107
Characteristics of clients and workers 112
Drivers and barriers 113
Implications for working conditions 115
Implications for the labour market 116
10 – Collaborative employment 118
General characteristics 118
Workers’ characteristics 124
Drivers and barriers 126
Implications for working conditions 126
Implications for the labour market 127
11 – Policy discussion on new forms of employment 129
General considerations 129
Employee sharing 129
Job sharing 131
Casual work 131
ICT-based mobile work 132
Voucher-based work 133
Crowd employment 133
Coworking 134
12 – Conclusions and policy pointers 135
Main characteristics of new employment forms 135
Impact on working conditions and the labour market 138
Policy pointers 142
Bibliography 146
Annex: Overview of national contributions 159
________________________________________________________________________
This information is provided to subscribers, friends, faculty, students and alumni of the School of Industrial & Labor Relations (ILR). It is a service of the Institute for Workplace Studies (IWS) in New York City. Stuart Basefsky is responsible for the selection of the contents which is intended to keep researchers, companies, workers, and governments aware of the latest information related to ILR disciplines as it becomes available for the purposes of research, understanding and debate. The content does not reflect the opinions or positions of Cornell University, the School of Industrial & Labor Relations, or that of Mr. Basefsky and should not be construed as such. The service is unique in that it provides the original source documentation, via links, behind the news and research of the day. Use of the information provided is unrestricted. However, it is requested that users acknowledge that the information was found via the IWS Documented News Service.